<p>The Baker House is a historic house at 109 5th Street in North Little Rock, Arkansas. It is an L-shaped structure, 2-1/2 stories in height, with a three-story round tower at the crook of the L. A highly decorated porch is built around the tower, providing access to the entrance. Built in 1898-99, it is one of the few surviving high-style Queen Anne Victorians in the city. It was built by A. E. Colburn, a local contractor, as his private residence, and was purchased in 1916 by C. J. and Annie Baker. Baker was from 1904 to 1906 the superintendent of North Little Rock&#39;s schools.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is also listed in the residential section of the Argenta Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Elmwood is a historic home located at Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. It was built about 1810-1815, and is a 2 1/2-story, three bay by four bay, Federal-style frame dwelling with a gable roof and dormers. It is sheathed in weatherboard and has two exterior end double-shouldered chimneys. It has a two-story wing added about 1830, and asymmetrical side and rear additions built about 1870, and between about 1890 and 1910. It features a one-story full width front porch with a hipped roof added about 1870. It was the home of John Louis Taylor , an American jurist and first Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court, and North Carolina politicians William Gaston  and Romulus Mitchell Saunders .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Dennett Garrison is a historic First Period house at 100 Dennett Road in Kittery, Maine. With an estimated construction date of 1710, it is one of the oldest surviving buildings in the state of Maine. When listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978,</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Dennett Garrison is located on the northeast side of Dennett Street, a historically significant road leading northwest (roughly paralleling the Piscataqua River) and inland from the early coastal settlements of Kittery. It is a 2-1/2 story timber-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, central chimney (once larger but now reduced in size), and clapboard siding. The front door is a four-panel door set in a simple frame, and the windows are generally replacement sash (some dating to the late 18th century) for what would have originally been casement windows. The interior of the house has rooms with low ceilings typical of the early colonial period, with large fireplaces. The walls of the first floor are hand-hewn hemlock, dovetailed and treenailed in place; the upper floor walls are oak.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the house stands was granted in 1661 to Christian Remick, and bought by John Dennett in 1698. It is not known exactly when Dennett built the house; it is mentioned in a 1720 document in which it is identified as a garrison house, or place of refuge in case of Native American attack. It has traditionally been given a construction date of 1710.</p><br>
<p>The Cherry-Luter Estate is a historic country estate, also known as The Castle, at 521 West Scenic Drive in North Little Rock, Arkansas. The main house is a two-story French Renaissance limestone structure with a gabled roof and round tower at its southwest corner. A carriage house of similar construction stands nearby, and there is a pavilion with a half-timbered roof with exposed beams. A stone wall lines the road at the edge of the property, which is just under 5 acre in size. The estate was largely developed by 1923 by John J. Cherry, and is one of the city&#39;s architectural landmarks.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The estate was purchased by Rev. Steven and Theresa Tiner in February, 2016.</p><br>
<p>Crestview Park is a small neighborhood park in North Little Rock, Arkansas. It is roughly bounded by Cherry Hill Drive, Crestview Drive, and the westbound onramp to Interstate 40 from Arkansas Highway 107. The park, set on a steeply sloping parcel, has no major amenities, and was established for passive recreational uses of the nearby population. The park is notable for the presence of two naturalistic sculptures by Dionicio Rodriguez that were installed c. 1933. One is a footbridge that appears to have been fashioned out of a fallen tree, and the other is rustic shelter, one of Rodriguez&#39; more unusual works.</p><br>
<p>The artwork within the park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Crestview Park, Concrete Shelter.JPGConcrete Shelter at Crestview Park</p><br>
<p>Crestview Park, Concrete Bridge.JPGConcrete Bridge at Crestview Park</p><br>
<p>The Urjans Iverson House is a historic log cabin in Gilchrist Township, Minnesota, United States, built in 1866. It was restored in 1990 and is preserved within Fort Lake Johanna Roadside Park off Minnesota State Highway 104. The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its local significance in the theme of exploration/settlement. It was nominated for its broad associations with the early settlement of Pope County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Urjans Iverson House was built in 1866 near Lake Johanna, an early focus of Euro-American settlement in Pope County. Four families had homesteaded around the lake in 1862, but fled the area when the Dakota War of 1862 broke out and didn&#39;t return until 1864. The following year the 2nd Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry Regiment constructed Fort Lake Johanna nearby, one of many short-lived frontier outposts established after the war due to ongoing fear of Native American attack.</p><br>
<p>Urjans Iverson immigrated from Hardanger, Norway, to the United States, arriving in Spring Prairie, Wisconsin, in 1854. He was one of several Norwegian immigrants to arrive in the Lake Johanna area in the mid-1860s, and he used some logs from the already-abandoned army outpost to build his cabin. However Iverson moved southeast to Kandiyohi County in 1868. The following year the Lake Johanna settlers began using the empty cabin as the district&#39;s first schoolhouse, and also held church services there until 1874.</p><br>
<p>Badger Mountain is a small mountain in Richland, Washington. Badger rises above the Tri-Cities connected to the smaller Candy Mountain via Goose Gap, is visible throughout much of the area and is a popular hiking destination for a wide variety of climbers. There are a number of trails climbing the mountain with varying levels of difficulty. Most of Badger Mountain is protected by the Badger Mountain Centennial Preserve, but the radio towers at the peak are private property. There are two summits on Badger Mountain, named the East Summit and the West Summit. The West Summit is the highest.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Badger Mountain is a member of the Yakima Fold Belt, a series of topographical folds (or wrinkles) raised from tectonic compression. The Yakima Fold Belt extends from Interstate 90 near Vantage, Washington to the Columbia River near Wallula, Washington. The Yakima Fold Belt is a portion of the larger Olympic-Wallowa Lineament, which extends from near Port Angeles, Washington into northeastern Oregon.</p><br>
<p>Badger Mountain is also a part of the Columbia River Basalt Group. Sometime between 10 and 15 million years ago, multiple lava flows poured out from the Yellowstone hotspot, then located in western Idaho. These lava flows covered large portions of Washington and Oregon on their way to the Pacific Ocean and are the cause of the underlying basalt of the region. In some areas, the basalt was 5,900 ft thick.</p><br>
<p>During the time of the last ice age, glaciers extended into northern Washington, Idaho and Montana. This blocked the Clark Fork River creating Glacial Lake Missoula. Periodically during the ice age, the weight of the water behind the ice dam caused it to break creating the Missoula Floods. As these floods rushed toward the Pacific Ocean they carried glacial erratics, chunks of granite not typically found in eastern Washington. The surface elevation of the flood water reached 1,250 ft above sea level at Badger Mountain, making it into an island for a short time. Glacial erratics of various sizes can be seen up to this elevation on the mountain and there is a marker along the Canyon Trail at 1250 feet above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>There is a parking area in Trailhead Park on the northeast side of the mountain as well as access to the mountain from the west side off of Dallas Road.</p><br>
<p>In 2010 more than 71,000 people visited the mountain.</p><br>
<h3>Hiking</h3><br>
<p>The Canyon and Skyline Trails reach the peak. The Canyon Trail is 1.3 mi long and starts at Trailhead Park. The Canyon Trail only allows hikers. The Skyline Trail is 2.9 mi long and starts off of Dallas Road on the northwest side of Badger. The Skyline Trail goes along the spine of Badger Mountain and is open to hiking, mountain biking and horseback riding.</p><br>
<p>The Langdon, Sagebrush and Badger Flats Trails do not reach the peak. The Sagebrush Trail is a spur off of the Skyline Trail, connecting it to Trailhead Park. The Langdon Trail wraps around the south side of the mountain, offering views of Badger Canyon and the Horse Heaven Hills. It is open to hikers, mountain bikers and horseback riders. The Badger Flats Trail is completely within Trailhead Park and is 0.6 mi in length.</p><br>
<h2>Climate & Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Badger Mountain lies in the rain shadow of the Cascade Mountains and as such has a semi-arid climate with mild winters and hot summers. The average rainfall at the nearest airport is 7.94 in per year and temperatures above 100 &deg;F are not uncommon. Because of this, Badger Mountain shares much of the same wildlife as the surrounding area including sagebrush, jackrabbits and rattlesnakes. There are no naturally occurring trees on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Winter snows are also not uncommon, and people using the mountain for recreation during periods of snowfall should plan accordingly.</p><br>
<p>The Château de Sablé is a historic castle in Sablé-sur-Sarthe, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The castle was built from 1717 to 1750 to the design of architect Claude Desgots for Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquess of Torcy. Its grounds are bordered by the Vaige river. By the 19th century, it belonged to the Duke of Chaulnes.</p><br>
<p>It was a chicory factory from 1919 to 1960.</p><br>
<p>It was acquired by the city of Sablé-sur-Sarthe in 1960. Since 1979, it has been home to the Centre technique de conservation Joël-le-Theule of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, named in honour of local politician Joël Le Theule.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>It has been listed as an official monument since 1983.</p><br>
<p>Klin-Yar  is a prehistoric and early medieval site in the North Caucasus, outside of Kislovodsk. It was first discovered in the 1980s. Archaeological excavations had uncovered settlement traces and extensive cemetery areas starting in the 8th century BC, belonging to the Koban culture. The site was used up to the 7th century AD. Its long use over all this period, its size and rich finds, as well as the data quality of recent excavations make Klin-Yar one of the most important archaeological sites of the region.</p><br>
<h2>Location and discovery</h2><br>
<p>Klin-Yar (the Russian name means "Crooked Valley") is located about 3 km west of the spa town of Kislovodsk, in a small curving valley which is separated from the valley of the river Podkumok by a long narrow sandstone formation locally called "Parovoz" ("The Locomotive"). Settlements and cemeteries have been found on the slopes around the base of the rock, with some settlement traces on its flat top.</p><br>
<p>These sites are located near the town of :ru:Нежинский (Ставропольский край) (Nezshinski), in Stavropol Krai.</p><br>
<h2>First phase</h2><br>
<p>The first phase of the site belongs to the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age Koban culture. A settlement of this period was found along the southern slope of the rock where three buildings were excavated in 1995; pottery finds indicate that the top of the rock was also settled. The extensive cemetery areas overlap with the settlement at the eastern end of the south-facing slope. The burial rite of the Koban culture was inhumation in single graves, with the body deposited flexed on its side (usually males on their right side, females on their left). The provision of grave-goods was standardized: tools and weapons for men, hair decoration and bracelets for women. Special finds included two Assyrian helmets and a bronze axe decorated with iron inlay, indicating long-distance contacts and social differentiation.</p><br>
<h2>Second and third phases</h2><br>
<p>There are no Sarmatian settlement finds from Klin-Yar. Sarmatian graves of the first four centuries AD are found among the Koban graves on the southern slope. The burial rite was inhumation in small underground chambers (catacombs), mostly single burials with grave-goods; the body was deposited extended on the back. Grave construction and burial ritual show great variety. Special finds include a Late Roman glass vessel and Egyptian fayence beads. A considerable proportion of the Sarmatian and Alanic graves were disturbed in antiquity; Flyorov has interpreted this as deliberate disturbance shortly after burial, intended to ‘render the dead harmless’.</p><br>
<p>The richest Late Sarmatian and Early Alanic graves of the 4th – late 7th centuries AD are concentrated in an ‘elite plot’ in cemetery III on the southern slope. This is seen by the excavators as reflecting the rise to power of one or two families, perhaps even the beginnings of an Alanic nobility. The number of undisturbed rich graves of this period is unusual for the North Caucasus. The man and woman buried in Grave 360 (mid-7th century AD) must have belonged to the top of the Alanic social hierarchy in the North Caucasus. A significant proportion of the individuals buried in the ‘elite plot’ had artificial skull deformation which is often interpreted as a sign of high social status.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The site has wider significance because its evidence shows the coincidence of cultural, ritual, economic and population changes over a long period of use. Finds show long-distance contacts of the communities at Klin-Yar: in the Koban period to the Black Sea, and across the Caucasus Mountains to Mesopotamia; in the Sarmatian period to the Eastern Roman Empire; and in the Alanic period to Central Asia, Iran, and the Byzantine Empire. A branch of the Silk Road is thought to have run along the Podkumok valley in the Alanic period, explaining some of the wealth and the contacts of this site. Klin–Yar is the first site in the North Caucasus where a so-called ‘reservoir effect’ in radiocarbon dating, was demonstrated in dates derived from human bones; the dates show irregular offsets caused by ancient carbon in the water of this volcanic region.</p><br>
<p>Bad Rock Canyon is a river canyon lying 2.64 mi east of Columbia Falls, Montana. The Flathead River, flanked by USA Highway 2, flows through the canyon and enters Montana’s Flathead Valley. Rock slides occur frequently along the northern side of the BNSF Railway tracks that run through the canyon.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>For centuries the canyon was a part of the buffalo trail leading through the Rocky Mountains to the buffalo hunting grounds on the Great Plains. Towns nearest the canyon are Hungry Horse immediately to the east and Martin City father to the east. The town of Coram lies a few miles father northeast, about 5 miles from the western entrance of Glacier National Park at West Glacier, Montana.</p><br>
<h3>Indian buffalo hunts</h3><br>
<p>The plateau tribes—Kalispel, Pend d&#39;Oreilles (Upper Kalispel), Spokane, Coeur d’Alene, and Kootenai—as well as the nearby Flathead tribe would pass through this area for their buffalo hunts. Plains tribes, primarily the Blackfeet, would travel through the area seeking to capture the good horses raised by the western tribes. Oral tradition suggests that some battles may have taken place in the canyon.</p><br>
<h3>Gateway to wilderness areas</h3><br>
<p>Bad Rock Canyon is the entryway to the Bob Marshall Wilderness, the Hungry Horse Dam and Hungry Horse Recreation Area, and Glacier National Park. The USA Highway 2 pull-off area within the canyon has some interesting water features, particularly when frozen. There is a spring on the south side of the canyon that is used as a water source by many local residents.</p><br>
<h3>Rock slides</h3><br>
<p>Frequent rock slides occur along the northern side of the BNSF Railway tracks that traverse through the canyon. Railway slide fences have been installed by the railroad to detect and prevent slides from damaging the rails or hitting trains that are passing through the canyon. Rock slides also occur on the USA Highway 2 side of the canyon, but less frequently due to rock formation stabilization efforts. USA Highway 2 through Bad Rock Canyon is also a dangerous stretch of road with a crash rate 2.5 times the statewide average for similar highways.</p><br>
<p>The Malesso Japanese Rice Mill is  a historic World War II-era storage building in Merizo, Guam. It is a single-story concrete structure with two rooms, located on a small parcel in a residential area south of Guam Highway 4 off Barcinas Road. The concrete was made of locally sourced aggregate and lime. It was completed  on December 24, 1943, by conscripted Chamorro labor working for the occupying Japanese authorities. It was built as part of a project by the Japanese to improve rice production in the area during the later period of the occupation. There is no evidence that the building was intended to house facilities for milling rice, although it has always been referred to locally as a rice mill. It is the only known non-military structure to survive on the island from the Japanese occupation period.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Bucknam House is a historic house on Main Street in the village center of Columbia Falls, Maine, United States. Built in 1792 by one of area&#39;s first settlers, it is a well-preserved example of late Georgian architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bucknam House is located on the north side of Main Street, facing south toward the Pleasant River. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, large central chimney, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. Exterior styling is minimal, with simple cornerboards, and a simple entrance surround with crude pilasters and a pedimented entablature. The interior follows a typical central-chimney plan, with a narrow entrance vestibule with a winding staircase to the second floor, public rooms on either side of the chimney, and the kitchen extending across the central part of the rear with small rooms on either side. Interior woodwork is largely original and in good condition.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1792 by John Bucknam, who arrived in the area in the 1760s, and was one of its first settlers. Bucknam exploited the area&#39;s extensive timber resources, building a sawmill and expanding the small settlement. He also served in the local militia during the American Revolutionary War, mustering for duty in 1777 and 1779. He died, at age 46, not long after building this house. The house is a comparatively large and sophisticated building for such a remote setting.</p><br>
<p>The William Thomas Abington House is a historic house located on Center Street in Beebe, Arkansas, midway between East Mississippi Street and Birch Street.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a roughly square two-story timber-framed structure, with a hip roof of original metal, and a two-story porch extending across its front facade. Although it is typical of houses built in Beebe in the 1880s, it is one of only a few of the type to survive. It was designed by the first owner, William Thomas Abington, who moved to Beebe with his family in the late 1870s. Abington&#39;s son, William H., was a prominent local doctor and politician; the Abington Library at Arkansas State University Beebe is named for him.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 11, 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Connor Hotel was an ornate hotel at 324 Main Street in Joplin, Missouri. One day before its scheduled demolition in November 1978, the hotel collapsed with three workers inside it. Two, Thomas Oaks and Frederick Coe, did not survive. The third, Alfred Sommers, was rescued 82 hours after the collapse.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The Connor Hotel was the brainchild of Thomas Connor, an early 20th century Joplin, Missouri millionaire. Before the Connor Hotel was built, Connor owned the Joplin Hotel. The Joplin had 3 stories and about 50 rooms. It sat where the Connor hotel would later be built. Rumors went around that Connor would expand the Joplin Hotel. Instead, in 1906, Connor demolished the building to make a new hotel.</p><br>
<p>The new hotel&#39;s construction began immediately after demolition, and it was going to be called the Joplin Hotel, like its predecessor. However, in 1907, Connor died at the age of 60. When the new hotel opened in 1908, the new hotel was named the Connor Hotel, in memory of Thomas Connor.</p><br>
<p>The Skowhegan Historic District encompasses the historic late 19th-century central business district of Skowhegan, Maine. The district is located on Madison Avenue and Water Streets on the north bank of the Kennebec River, and includes 37 historic buildings built between 1850 and 1910, including Skowhegan Town Hall, designed by John Calvin Stevens and built in 1909. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 .</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Skowhegan, Maine was settled in 1771, incorporated as Canaan in 1788, and changed its name to Skowhegan in 1836, after the falls on the Kennebec River. In 1861 Skowhegan annexed the neighboring town of Bloomfield, which was located on the south side of the river. For many years the towns primary locus of economic activity was in the Bloomfield section on the south side of the river. By the 1840s Water Street, which parallels the river north and east of Skowhegan Island, had become the towns principal center of business. The town was named the shire town of Somerset County in 1872, spurring growth beyond that afforded by the town&#39;s successful industries.</p><br>
<p>The oldest surviving building in the district is the Patten Block, which may date as far back as 1836. This buildings interesting history includes an extended period when it was occupied by a restaurant that also operated a speakeasy during the states many years of Prohibition. The districts buildings are in a diversity of architectural styles, from vernacular commercial structures such as the c. 1895 Fogg Building, a two-story wood frame building, to the Art Deco August Trust Bank building and the Beaux Arts Depositors Trust building, designed by Penn Varney of Lynn, Massachusetts and built in 1909. The districts most architecturally sophisticated building is the Town Hall and Opera House, designed by noted Portland architect John Calvin Stevens. It is a Colonial Revival edifice built in 1909, and is further notable for its association with United States Senator and Skowhegan native Margaret Chase Smith, who was employed by the town in 1916.</p><br>
<p>The Division No. 9 School is a historic former one-room schoolhouse on Maine State Route 9 in Wells, Maine. Built in 1900, it is the best-preserved of the town&#39;s surviving district school buildings, and is now a museum owned by the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Division No. 9 School is located on the south side of Maine State Route 9 in rural southwestern Wells, east of its junction with Bragdon Road. It is set on a small grassy lot surrounded by forest. It is a single-story wood frame structure with a front-facing gable roof, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. The front facade has a pair of matching entrances flanking a doubled sash window at the center, with a slightly smaller similar window pair in the gable above. The doors are topped by transom windows, and both doors and windows have drip molding caps. The west facade has two groups of three sash windows flanking a single sash window, and the east facade has two sash windows. The south side of the building has a shed-roof ell, which contains the building&#39;s bathrooms and a woodshed. The interior of the building is well preserved, with tongue-and-groove wainscoting in both the entrance vestibules and the classroom.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1900 by a local contractor for a total cost (including land) of $873.72; the ell was added in 1917 for $300. The previous school for this district had been located across the street. This school remained in service until 1948, and was designated a local landmark in 1992. It is the best-preserved of nine surviving district schoolhouses in the town.</p><br>
<p>The Dunes Club is a historic, highly elite, private beach club at 137 Boston Neck Road in Narragansett, Rhode Island. The club occupies 28 acre of land fronting Narragansett Bay in central Narragansett, bounded on the north by the Pettaquamscutt River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Dunes Clubs centerpiece is a large rambling Colonial Revival clubhouse designed by Thomas Pym Cope and built in 1939, after the first clubhouse (built 1928-29 to a design by club member Kenneth Murchison), was washed away by the New England Hurricane of 1938. The only element of the clubs original buildings to survive that hurricane is its gatehouse. The club&#39;s facilities include tennis courts and cabanas.</p><br>
<p>The club was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>On 18 May 2016 around 6:30 p.m., an SUV crashed into the gatehouse at the entrance of the club. The Steve Sterling, the manager of the club, as well as his wife and teenage son Erik, were inside at the time but were unharmed. The house sustained significant structural damage as well as water damage.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities/Amenities</h2><br>
<p>The Dunes Club consists of a main clubhouse, which includes a gift shop, formal dining hall with a stage and dance floor, indoor/outdoor formal bar, tea room used for small formal events, casual restaurant with deck dining, restrooms, kitchens and staff offices and living quarters. From the north side entrance of the clubhouse or through the parking lot is access to a casual snack bar offering lunch foods as well as ice cream, an outdoor snack bar, a casual outdoor food service, deck, pool, childrens pool and two bars. Further down are the member bathhouses, which are small units for storing chairs and umbrellas, and the headquarters of the bathhouse staff who carry chairs and umbrellas for members. Located in proximity to the beach is the first aid center, where medical supplies are stored, and the childrens camp, a day camp for those ages 4 and older. Further down and closer to Narrow River are member cabanas. These are small rooms with ground-level porches that have chairs and tables for relaxation and dining as well as storage for chairs, umbrellas and surfboards. These are staffed by two cabana stations, and cabana lease holders have access to a special cabana menu that changes daily. Bordering the parking lot and Narrow River, respectively, are four clay tennis courts and four asphalt tennis courts. Adjoining the asphalt courts is the pro shop, which sells rackets, balls, and other tennis equipment to members. A tennis pro and multiple instructors are employed each summer to offer private lessons, group clinics, and day camps for children.</p><br>
<h2>List of Presidents</h2><br>
<p>T. Pierrepont Hazard (1929–1941)</p><br>
<p>Henry B. Spencer (1942–1954)</p><br>
<p>Caryl Roberts (1954–1955)</p><br>
<p>Robert O. Lord (1955–1959)</p><br>
<p>John E. C. Hall (1959–1961)</p><br>
<p>R. Henry Field (1961–1963)</p><br>
<p>Darius L. Goff (1963–1967)</p><br>
<p>George C. Davis (1967–1971)</p><br>
<p>George S. Squibb (1971–1988)</p><br>
<p>James S. Smith (1988–1992)</p><br>
<p>Edward O. Ekman (1992–1996)</p><br>
<p>James M. Seed (1996–2001)</p><br>
<p>Michael E. McMahon (2001– )</p><br>
<p>The Garden Homes Historic District in Milwaukee, Wisconsin is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Under socialist mayor Daniel Hoan, the City of Milwaukee implemented the country&#39;s first public housing project in 1923. This experiment with a municipally-sponsored housing cooperative saw initial success, but was plagued by development and land acquisition problems. The board overseeing the project dissolved the Gardens Home Corporation just two years after construction of the homes was completed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Gardens Homes housing project had its start during the 1910 election campaign of Milwaukees first socialist mayor, Emil Seidel, who ran on a platform that included construction of low cost, city-built, homes for workers. Though Seidel was soundly defeated in 1912, the citys second socialist mayor, Daniel Hoan, was able to get a project started to ease Milwaukees housing shortage. The shortage, caused by the rapid growth of Milwaukees manufacturing sector, was worsened by the World War I-era moratorium on new housing construction. Because the city&#39;s housing shortage had started before World War I, and it could not prove the lack of housing was delaying the production of war materials, it was unable to obtain federal aid.</p><br>
<p>Instead, after the war, Milwaukee&#39;s housing commission proposed a cooperative housing project. It was funded in two ways. The initial cost was to be financed by the sale of preferred stock in the Garden Homes Project, sold to city and county governments, and also made available to any other investor. The preferred stock was expected to pay a 5 percent dividend per year. The occupants of the housing would purchase common stock in the project, equal to the value of the home. They would put 10 percent down, and make payments over the next 20 years, including interest, taxes, upkeep, and other costs. After about 20 years, the preferred stock would mature and be retired, and the tenants would then own the corporation. At that time, the common shareholders could elect to convert the project to individual ownership.</p><br>
<p>This concept was based on a similar plan in England, promoted by Ebenezer Howard&#39;s garden city concept from the Garden Cities of Tomorrow published in 1900. About 60 housing associations had been established there by 1919. Several streets in Garden Homes would initially be named after garden cities in England, including Ealing, Hampstead, Port Sunlight, Bourneville, and Letchworth.</p><br>
<p>With $177,300 of preferred stock sold, construction began in 1921, and was completed by 1923. Though 162 units were planned for, only 105 units in 93 individual buildings were built. The shortfall was caused by a failure to sell a sufficient quantity of additional preferred stock to private investors. City and county governments invested a total of $412,000 by the end of 1924. With 700 applicants for housing, all 105 units were soon occupied.</p><br>
<p>Shortly thereafter, problems involving the annexation of the Garden Homes project by the city ensued. Legal battles delayed street improvements in the project. After annexation, the city assessed the tenants for street and storm sewer improvements. Many residents had thought their monthly payments included streets and sewers. The city did not. There were also disagreements about the actual costs of the homes, which has generally been built for less than the cost of a comparable home elsewhere in the city. Tenants were also unsure about the value of private improvements to their units if the plan was not eventually converted to individual ownership.</p><br>
<p>By June 1925, state lawmakers had voted to permit the sale, rather than lease, of the project houses. Soon thereafter, the Garden Homes project board of directors disbanded the cooperative, allowing the tenants to purchase their units. A problem-filled ten years were spent selling homes, paying off loans, and arguing over tax assessments on profits of selling the houses. By the late 1930s, only 40 percent of the original occupants still lived in Garden Homes. Though the process was fractious, the cooperative remained solvent and all bills were paid. By the 1920s, the streets, named after English garden cites, and been given names such as Congress, 25th, and 26th streets to conform Milwaukee&#39;s city street names.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>The district includes all of the 93 original buildings, comprising 105 housing units; and the original Garden Homes park, a green space between the north and southbound lanes of north Twenty-sixth street at Port Sunlight Way and West Akinson Avenue. The buildings have a similar look, to save on construction cost. They are based on one of nine exterior designs which were varied by reversing the floor plans and switching from front to side gables. The houses are two-story, rectangular, front or side-gabled cottages in a simplified Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The Castle of Cocentaina, located in the municipality of Cocentaina, Alicante, Spain, is a 14th-century medieval building which stands on a rocky mound of 765 m. The castle structure, recently restored, is one of the town&#39;s symbols. The tower is a square two-story structure. On the first floor there is an open patio with a well, a chapel and a warehouse. On the upper floor, where the lords lived, there is a cornice with battlements and a path for guards. The castle is a good example of military gothic style.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Guía de Arquitectura de la Provincia de Alicante.</p><br>
<p>PAREDES VAÑÓ, Enric (2011), "Aproximación a la arquitectura de las fortificaciones en las montañas del valle central del Serpis. Las Torres". Actas del Séptimo Congreso Nacional de Historia de la Construcción. Instituto Juan de Herrera - Madrid - 2011. 2 vols., 146 comunicaciones, 1507 pp.</p><br>
<p>The Dudley Block is a historic mixed-use commercial and residential building in at 28-34 Water Street in downtown Biddeford, Maine. Built in 1848, it is one of the older buildings in the downtown area, and is a fine example of Greek Revival commercial architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and was included in the Biddeford Main Street Historic District in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Dudley Block is located on the south side of Water Street, between Pierson Lane and Sullivan Street, opposite Mechanics Park, and just south Biddeford&#39;s Main Street. It is 3-1/2 stories in height, with a ground floor of commercial storefronts, divided by granite piers. The upper two levels are brick, with rows of twelve sash windows topped by granite lintels. The roof is gabled, with two small gabled dormers. Entrance to the upper floors, which house residential units, are via doorways in the south facade.</p><br>
<p>When this block was built in 1848 by Benjamin Dudley, it stood opposite some of the citys wharves, and was built on a site that had seen earlier commercial use. Dudleys building was part of a series of speculative developments in the area to provide services and housing to people working in the mills and the waterfront. Dudley sold the building in 1864 to a partnership including his son-in-law Abel Jellison. Jellison was a prominent local figure in the second half of the 19th century, serving as a city alderman and in the state legislature.</p><br>
<p>The Palace of the Counts of Cocentaina, located in the municipality of Cocentaina, Alicante, Spain, is a 14th-century medieval building. This building originated as an old fortress with four halls and four towers on donjons crowned by merlons.</p><br>
<p>The art gallery of the palace shows works with artistic value like the gothic altarpiece of Saint Barbara or the altarpiece of Saint Anthony by Nicolás Borrás and the sacred Bible from the 15th century.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Guía de Arquitectura de la Provincia de Alicante.</p><br>
<p>PAREDES VAÑÓ, Enric (2011), "Aproximación a la arquitectura de las fortificaciones en las montañas del valle central del Serpis. Las Torres". Actas del Séptimo Congreso Nacional de Historia de la Construcción. Instituto Juan de Herrera - Madrid - 2011. 2 vols., 146 comunicaciones, 1507 pp.</p><br>
<p>The Big Four School was a historic school building in rural White County, Arkansas. Located on the west side of County Road 383, it was a vernacular single-story wood frame structure, whose exterior was finished in novelty siding. The front entrances were sheltered by a single gable-roofed portico supported by columns on piers. The building was constructed in 1915, but was extensively altered in the 1930s with Works Progress Administration funding. The building was rare because of its siding, and because of its association with the WPA. When listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992, it was described as abandoned and in deteriorating condition. It has been listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database.</p><br>
<p>The Shipton–Tilman Nanda Devi expeditions took place in the 1930s. Nanda Devi is a Himalayan mountain in what was then the Garhwal District in northern India, just west of Nepal, and at one time it was thought to be the highest mountain in the world.</p><br>
<p>Nanda Devi is surrounded by a ring of mountains enclosing the Sanctuary which, despite decades of attempts, no one had been able to enter. In 1934 Eric Shipton, Bill Tilman and their three accomplished Sherpas succeeded in finding a climbing route into the Sanctuary via the Rishi Ganga gorge. Then in 1936 Tilman and Noel Odell, as part of an American–British team, climbed to the 7,816 m summit making Nanda Devi the highest mountain ever to have been climbed at that time.</p><br>
<p>It was only in 1950 that a higher summit was reached when Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal climbed Annapurna. Nanda Devi itself was climbed for the second time in 1964.</p><br>
<h2>Summary</h2><br>
<p>Except for the Rishi Ganga gorge to the west, Nanda Devi is encircled by a ring of mountains with no col lower than 18,000 ft. This mountain chain surrounds and completely encloses the Nanda Devi Sanctuary. Tom Longstaff had reached an eastern col in 1905 and had been able to see into the Sanctuary but he did not try the formidable descent. The immensely deep and narrow gorge by which the Rishi Ganga river drains the Sanctuary had never been ascended despite many attempts. However, before the 1934 monsoon, Shipton and Tilman along with three Sherpas who they regarded as co-climbers – Ang Tharkay, Pasang and Kusang – became the first people to find a way through the gorge and to set foot in the Sanctuary in what has been described as "the most exciting story in the whole saga of mountain discovery".</p><br>
<p>During their retreat from the Sanctuary for the duration of the monsoon, the 1934 expedition continued exploring by crossing the Badrinath–Kedarnath watershed for the first time, a feat that was not repeated until 1998. After the monsoon they again ascended the Rishi Ganga gorge and climbed part way up Nanda Devi&#39;s southeast ridge thereby discovering the route to the summit that was to be used in 1936. They left the Sanctuary by traversing a col to the south and making a descent that had previously been thought impossible.</p><br>
<p>In 1936 Nanda Devi became the highest mountain ever to have been climbed when a jointly-led American expedition, which eventually passed the leadership to Bill Tilman, reached its 7,816 m summit by climbing the southeast ridge. Tilman had chosen Charlie Houston and Noel Odell for the summit attempt but mischance led to Tilman rather than Houston partnering Odell to the top.</p><br>
<h2>Nanda Devi and Garhwal</h2><br>
<h3>19th-century mapping</h3><br>
<p>At the beginning of the 19th century geographers generally believed the Andes, thought to be reaching up to about 20,000 ft, were the highest mountains in the world. Some Himalayan peaks were measured to be higher although measurements of those in Tibet and Nepal were over very great distances from Indian territory and so were known not to be very accurate.</p><br>
<p>The Great Trigonometric Survey of India reached Himalaya early in the 19th century and because it was in the British Raj the Garhwal District (once the Garhwal Kingdom and after independence a division now in the state of Uttarakhand) was surveyed before the Nepalese and Tibetan regions. By 1820 the highest mountain to have been measured was Peak XIV in Garhwal Himalaya at 25,669 ft It had the local name of Nanda Devi and it remained the highest known until 1847 when Kangchenjunga was measured. Some geographers doubted a height as great as this and thought it had been overestimated – it is now known the overestimate was only 24 ft. The survey also identified a ring of very high mountains encircling Nanda Devi and it identified this region, and not Lake Manasarovar, as the source of the river Ganges, or Ganga.</p><br>
<h3>Spiritual aspects</h3><br>
<p>Hinduism and Buddhism are both important religions in the state of Uttarakhand and the two faiths have intermixed to a considerable extent. The Garhwal area had been venerated by Buddhists until they were expelled by Adi Shankara in the 9th century CE when their temples were adopted as Hindu while aspects of the two religions were merged. Badrinath Temple near the source of the Alaknanda Ganges has a style of architecture and a stone image of Vishnu that are characteristically Buddhist. The local Bhotia people had originally come from Tibet and their traditional work was to transport goods over the mountain passes between India and Tibet. Garhwal was never conquered by the Mughal Empire of India but Nepalese Gurkhas had successfully invaded. The British annexation in 1815 had little impact on the local culture. So, a very relaxed form of Hinduism developed, one which closely coexisted with Buddhism. Buddhist prayer flags sometimes adorned the Hindu temples.</p><br>
<p>The four shrines of Chota Char Dham in Garhwal are very important for Hindu pilgrims because they are at four sources of the river Ganga. However, the source of the Rishi Ganga tributary is inaccessible. Nanda Devi, the Goddess of Bliss, lived on the top of the mountain that is named after her and which is where the Seven Rishis were driven by the demons before they finally became seven stars in the sky. Nanda Devi left her mountain to live with her husband Shiva on Mount Kailash in Tibet but once a year she returns and this is a time of celebration for pilgrims.</p><br>
<h3>Early mountaineering and exploration</h3><br>
<p>No real attempt had been made to cross the ring of mountains enclosing Nanda Devi until 1883. In that year William Graham, who was the first climber to visit Himalaya purely for sporting purposes, attempted to reach the basin inside the protecting ring, the so-called Nanda Devi Sanctuary. The Rishi Ganga river drains the Sanctuary though an extremely deep gorge and he attempted to ascend along this route. He found the lowest part of the gorge impassable. Then, after almost reaching the summit of Dunagiri, and guided by local inhabitants, he took a route slightly north of the river and he was able to reach the gorge part way up. To the west of Nanda Devi the encircling ring becomes double with an inner ring enclosing the inner part of the Sanctuary and an outer part of the Sanctuary lying between the two ridges of the ring. By crossing the outer ring and avoiding the lower part of the gorge Graham had reached the outer part of the Sanctuary but he could not get any further.</p><br>
<p>In 1905 Tom Longstaff and two Italian guides, the Brocherel brothers, set off to explore Nanda Devi – Longstaffs expeditions only ever involved a small number of people, each one carrying his own gear. They reached a high col just east of Nanda Devis summit which is on the ridge of peaks surrounding the mountain itself but they were unable to descend to the Sanctuary. The Sanctuary is an area of about 250 square miles that is encircled by a ridge nowhere less than 18,000 ft in height except for the Rishi Ganga gorge which had proved to be an insuperable obstacle. The Sanctuary, completely cut off from human intrusion, had become an area of immense interest to explorers and mountaineers. Two years later the same team returned along with Charles Bruce and succeeded in climbing Trisul, southwest of the Sanctuary, and this remained the highest summit to be climbed for twenty-three years. Their attempt to get into the Sanctuary had been impeded because, according to Tilman, "though the map did credit to the maker&#39;s imagination it was apt to mislead".</p><br>
<p>Shipton&#39;s first visit to the region (and his first visit to Himalaya) was in 1931 on an expedition led by Frank Smythe that succeeded in making the first ascent of Kamet. Shipton was in the party that reached the highest summit to have been achieved – a 25,000 ft peak had never been climbed before. Subsequently the expedition explored the mountains around Badrinath in Garhwal which, because of the beautiful flora and dramatic scenery, Shipton described as "by far the most enjoyable part of the expedition".</p><br>
<p>After Shipton&#39;s very creditable performance on the large-scale 1933 British Mount Everest expedition, he and Lawrence Wager trekked back to Darjeeling separately from the rest of the party and this experience convinced him that small expeditions could be more enjoyable than large ones and, he suspected, more successful as well. Inspired by Longstaff and attracted by Garhwal and the unexplored Rishi Ganga gorge, Shipton decided to plan his own approach to the region.</p><br>
<h2>Shipton and Tilman</h2><br>
<p>Bill Tilman was born in 1898. He did well at school but, in 1914 with the outbreak of the Great War, he left to train for the Royal Artillery. At the age of 17 he was fighting on the Western Front where he was twice seriously wounded and was twice awarded the Military Cross. He fought and survived the Battle of Passchendaele and he was still less than 21 years old when the war was over. As part of his demobilisation he was awarded a square mile of land in British East Africa. He was lucky with his allocation and he converted his patch of bush into a successful coffee plantation.</p><br>
<p>Eric Shipton was nine years younger. Born in Ceylon but educated in Britain, he became interested in mountaineering, particularly during a snowless skiing holiday in the Alps. He turned down an opportunity to go to Cambridge University and instead took a course in estate management which set him up to become an apprentice on a coffee estate near Nairobi and within reach of Mount Kenya where he developed his mountaineering skills. Reading of this in the newspapers, Tilman wrote asking for advice and this drew the two men into a climbing partnership. So, in 1930, despite Tilmans almost complete lack of mountaineering experience, they succeeded in climbing Mount Kenyas west ridge for the first time and went on to make the first traverse of its two peaks, Batian and Neilion.</p><br>
<p>Back in Britain following his 1932 Kamet expedition, Shipton advanced his plans to again explore the Garhwal region. His initial idea was for a lightweight expedition to explore the mountainous area between the Badrinath, Kedernath and Gangotri shrines but Longstaff urged him to attempt to enter and map the Nanda Devi Sanctuary itself. Noel Humphreys, his first choice for a climbing partner, was unavailable but then a letter arrived from Tilman who had decided to visit Britain by cycling across Africa from Uganda to French Cameroon using a map torn from a magazine, and then taking a steamer to his family home near Liverpool. Tilmans letter had suggested a fortnights rock climbing in the Lake District to which Shipton replied by inviting him on a seven-month expedition to Himalaya. Tilman accepted by return of post. In 1969 Shipton wrote that, but for the serendipity of being able to be together at the right time, the course of both their lives would have been profoundly different.</p><br>
<p>Shipton was a very gregarious, sociable person who was attractive to women. According to George Band, "Eric slung his ice axe beside many a memsahib&#39;s bed". Tilman was taciturn and monkish and he avoided society, particularly that of women. Both men were tremendously strong and reliable. They were to become the ideal climbing partnership – they could rely on each other completely.</p><br>
<h2>1934 expedition</h2><br>
<p>By 1934, despite mountaineers having got near to the summit of Mount Everest, no one had even reached the foot of Nanda Devi, the highest mountain in the British Empire, even though many attempts had been made.</p><br>
<h3>Preparations and travel</h3><br>
<p>Shipton asked Karma Paul, who had been on Everest expeditions since 1922, to engage three Sherpas and he appointed Ang Tharkay, Pasang Bhotia and Kusang Namgir, all of whom had been on the 1933 expedition. Equipment and supplies were basic and the plan was to eat in the same way as the Sherpas – chapatis, rice and tsampa – luxuries taken were tea, lentils and ghee. On 6 April 1934 Shipton and Tilman sailed from Liverpool on the cargo vessel SS Mahsud bound for Calcutta. They met the Sherpas who had travelled from Darjeeling and the five men went by train to Kathgodam and continued by lorry to Ranikhet where they arrived on 9 May. They arranged to take on a dozen Doti porters, purchased food at the market and were driven by lorry to Baijnath where they were met by the porters. A ten-day trek took them to Joshimath from where the exploration towards the Sanctuary started.</p><br>
<h3>Through the upper Rishi Ganga gorge</h3><br>
<p>Using the route discovered by Graham, they followed the Dhauli river, passing the foot of the Rishi Ganga gorge, and climbed the Lata hills north of the gorge to reach a trig station set up by the Survey of India, the last in the area. This served as the basis for their own surveying which they saw as one of their main purposes. They traversed the Duraishi and Dibrughita high grazing areas and descended to just below the confluence of the Rhamani and the Rishi rivers, halfway up the gorge and eight days march from Joshimath. Base camp was set up near the confluence of the two rivers and here the porters were paid off. At this point the gorge is a box canyon for a distance of about 2 mi with walls rising 10,000 ft above the river. The five men relayed five hundredweight (40 stone) of supplies along the perilous cliffs, sometimes overhanging the river, at various heights above bed of the gorge but in doing so lost a rucksack with nearly all their lentils, which removed their staple food and would reduce their expedition by two days. For seven days they ascended the upper gorge, repeatedly being forced to cross and re-cross the river.</p><br>
<p>On 4 June they reached an impasse on the north bank so Tilman and Ang Tharkay reconnoitred a buttress to the south which appeared to be insurmountable. From the north bank they appeared "like ants on a gigantic wall" but at the end of the day they returned to camp having found a clear path beyond the buttress. They named the location "Pisgah" because from there they could see the summit of Nanda Devi. Two days later the team became the first people to enter the Sanctuary. They had taken nine days to cover four miles and success had always been in doubt.</p><br>
<h3>Exploring the Sanctuary</h3><br>
<p>The monsoon was expected in about three weeks and the gorge would then be completely closed with floods so their exploration of the Sanctuary could only be brief. They had difficulty crossing the Rishi – at this point is the confluence of a northern and southern arm at a height of about 13,100 ft. To the north the river emerges from a large glacier and it was in this direction they started their survey. They saw for the first time the vast northern face of Nanda Devi – an unbroken sweep of 9,000 ft. They reached the rim of the northeastern encircling mountains at over 20,000 ft and looked over to the east to the Milam Glacier hoping there might be an alternative way out of the Sanctuary. They also went to the northernmost part of the ring but while they were exploring the foothills of Changabang the weather deteriorated and the Sherpas effectively took the lead when both Europeans were ill. On 24 June the monsoon arrived and they started their retreat, urged on by the Sherpas. In heavy rain they descended the gorge to the Rhamani river in two days. This river had become torrential and they were forced upstream to where they found an easy crossing point and a route back to Dibrughita from where they raced back to civilisation. In a letter Shipton wrote of the Sanctuary "There was a tremendous variety of birds and any amount of game – most of which can never have seen a man, and stared at us incredulously. I was glad we did not have guns – it would have been a crime to shoot them. It was perhaps the most wonderful three weeks of my life, and I shall never forget a moment of it...".</p><br>
<h3>Badrinath–Gaumukh crossing</h3><br>
<p>Back at Joshimath on 2 July and expecting travel through the gorge would not be possible before 10 August, they embarked on a crossing from Badrinath to Gaumukh.The sources of the three main rivers that together form the Ganges – the Bhagirathi, Mandakini and Alaknanda – each have temples – Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath – that are the destinations for Hindu pilgrims. This region is very mountainous and the watershed had never been crossed. Leaving Joshimah for Badrinath, the party hired porters and set off on 12 July for the Bhagirath Kharak glacier. Finding there was no pass at the head of the glacier they explored four subsidiary glaciers entering from the south-west but none were passable. Instead, they headed north to the Arwa River – climbing a 21,500 ft peak on the way – to where a previous expedition had reached the watershed but had not completed a traverse. The team found a way over the watershed and, guided by the sight of Shivling, descended the Chaturangi Glacier to the snout of the Gangotri Glacier at Gaumukh. With insufficient food to include Gangotri on their itinerary, they returned to Badrinath via the Arwa valley.</p><br>
<h3>Badrinath–Kedarnath crossing</h3><br>
<p>There was a legend of a high priest who used to hold services in the Badrinath and Kedernath temples both on the same day. Tradition told that, to avoid the hundred-mile journey using known tracks, he would take a shortcut over the mountains, a distance of less than three miles. Wanting to explore this crossing, the party set off up the Satopanth Glacier on 4 August, knowing it would delay their return to the Sanctuary. It took difficult route-finding and awkward ice climbing to reach the head of the glacier. Eventually they were able to see to the west of the divide to discover that they were at the head of the Kedarnath valley (as Tilman had predicted) and not the Gangotri Glacier (as Shipton had expected). Immediately they were faced by an ice precipice of hundreds of feet with ice pinnacles and crevasses. Shipton and Tilman felt they might have to turn back but the Sherpas were determined and eventually it was Ang Tharkay who found a route down, albeit a most difficult one.</p><br>
<p>What they presumed would be a two-day trek to Kedarnath turned out to be a far more serious journey. There was a precipice of 2,200 ft, scrub and jungle that had to be cut through, and rivers that were almost impossible to cross. Eventually, and after over a week, they reached villages where they could get food but when they reached the pilgrims&#39; road to Kedarnath they decided there was no time to go north on the trail to the temple and they turned south instead, taking the pilgrim route back to Joshimath.</p><br>
<h3>The Sanctuary revisited</h3><br>
<p>They left Joshimath on 30 August with a group of porters they had hired locally, at Mana. So enthusiastic were the porters that thirteen accompanied the team up the Rishi Ganga gorge and into the Sanctuary itself. Shipton "came to have a considerable respect for them as cragsmen" and was sorry that they had to leave. This time the team explored the southern part of the basin especially looking for a way out over the rim so as to avoid a fourth passage of the gorge.</p><br>
<p>The col discovered by Longstaff in 1905 seemed less suitable than one further south, spotted by Hugh Ruttledge in 1932. However they were distracted by Trisul East (now called Maiktoli, 22,320 ft) which looked technically straightforward so, while Tilman continued surveying with Pasang, the other three made the first ascent of the peak in conditions, according to Shipton, "almost up to Everest standards". The three men had to share a two-man tent so, at night, when one turned they all had to. The Sherpas found this tremendously funny – Shipton less so. On their return, Shipton and Tilman explored a subsidiary ridge to the south ridge of Nanda Devi itself merely thinking it might provide a good view of the southern Sanctuary. At 20,500 ft they had to turn back but they had decided that this ridge gave a good chance of reaching the summit for a suitably prepared expedition. On 17 September the entire party started the climb to Ruttledge&#39;s col to look down the 6,000 ft precipice and icefall to the Sunderdhunga Glacier. It took two days to discover a route down the precipice and Ang Tharkay was the person who found the way that was at last successful. Descending the valley they reached the Pindar River. At last reaching Sameswar they were able to board a bus to Ranikhet and they went their separate ways at Bareilly with Shipton writing his book Nanda Devi on his six-week voyage home.</p><br>
<h2>Mount Everest intervenes</h2><br>
<p>The Royal Geographical Societys reception of Shiptons February 1935 Nanda Devi presentation was "close to rapturous" and of particular note was that the full cost of the entire expedition had been £287. Shipton and Tilman were both lauded by the top brass of the RGS but there was no support for any immediate return to Nanda Devi because Tibet had just given permission for attempts on Mount Everest in 1935 and 1936. With the RGS only having £1,400 readily available, it was inevitable that a 1935 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition was immediately launched with Shipton and Tilman at the helm as a precursor to a full attempt in 1936. The reconnaissance was a conspicuous success so Shipton was again appointed to the team for 1936, but not as leader due to Machiavellian RGS politics. In 1935 Tilman had not acclimatised well to altitude over 20,000 ft so he was dropped from the 1936 team, with his agreement.</p><br>
<h2>British–American Himalayan Expedition, 1936</h2><br>
<h3>Background</h3><br>
<p>Four American students from Harvard Mountaineering Club – Farnie Loomis, Charlie Houston, Art Emmons and Ad Carter – had decided on a lightweight Himalayan expedition, possibly to Kanchenjunga. They had never been to Himalaya; it was an unclimbed peak – the third-highest in the world – and if they succeeded it would be the first eight-thousander to be climbed.</p><br>
<p>At Loomis suggestion, they decided to get support from experienced British climbers so they invited Thomas Graham Brown, a friend of Houston, who accepted the invitation to join in. He extended the invitation to Shipton, who was unavailable because of the 1936 Everest expedition, and to Tilman, who accepted. Noel Odell and Peter Lloyd also agreed to be part of the British contingent. Loomis went to London to purchase equipment where he was advised that Nanda Devi might be a more achievable option. Tilman, however, personally favoured Kanchenjunga. The Americans changed the expeditions name from the "Harvard Kanchenjunga Expedition" to the "British–American Himalayan Expedition". Later, in 1999, Houston wrote, "It&#39;s hard to believe how naïve and presumptuous we were... Four American college kids... inviting the best British climbers on a major climb in the Himalayas". Houston was being self-effacing – the Americans were accomplished mountaineers and formed a very cohesive team.</p><br>
<p>Tilman went ahead to Calcutta where, after being refused permission for Kanchenjunga, he prepared for Nanda Devi instead. With many Himalayan expeditions under way the choice of Shepas was limited – Tilman chose Pasang Kikuli and Pasang Phuta with whom he travelled to Ranikhet, and arranged for four more Sherpas to find their own way there. They joined up with Loomis at Ranikhet and wired ahead to Joshimath for food supplies and for fifteen porters from Mana with the intention of taking some food supplies up the Rishi Ganga gorge in advance of the main party. By 16 June 1936 they had together hauled 900 lb to beyond Pisgah and had then returned to Badrinath. A few days later the entire party came together and they set off for the Sanctuary. Trouble came when the porters would not go beyond Rhamani and the Sherpas all became ill (Kitar was to die three weeks later) and it was left to the sahibs to carry the supplies through the Sanctuary towards the mountain and up its foothills.</p><br>
<h3>Ascent of Nanda Devi</h3><br>
<p>A camp they called Moraine Camp was established at 15,000 ft at the foot of the western slopes of Nanda Devi and juniper wood was taken here for fuel so that paraffin could be saved for the actual ascent. Pleased with progress, after supper Loomis produced a flask of apricot brandy he had kept hidden so everyone celebrated. Base camp was on shale at the top of scree slopes leading to the subsidiary ridge to the mountains south ridge (discovered in 1934) and it was stocked with at least three weeks food and fuel. Camp one was at 19,200 ft but it had to be on four small separate platforms dug out from the deep snow that had been falling. Tilman was very impressed with how everyone was acclimatising. With considerable difficulty due to continuing snowfall, camp two was established on 14 August at about 20,400 ft.and then camp three at about 21,400 ft.</p><br>
<p>The logistics of moving people and supplies between the various small camps had become too difficult to handle with communal decisions. Therefore, it was agreed to have a secret ballot to choose a named leader. Tilman was chosen and, after delays caused by a blizzard, he decided on a summit team of Houston and Odell who, with the others in support, climbed to 23,400 ft where they set up a precarious camp. The next day Houston and Odell climbed strongly but they realised they would not reach the summit that day so they retreated to their bivouac camp where Houston ate meat which had become contaminated so that he was unable to continue on the climb. Odell called down the mountain "Charlie is ill" but the American Carter who heard the shout, not well-attuned to Odell&#39;s posh English accent, misheard the message as "Charlie is killed". A very sorrowful party set off on the six-hour journey to retrieve the corpse with Tilman the only person taking his full climbing kit. When they arrived they were greeted by a cheerful Odell calling "Hello, you blokes, have some tea".</p><br>
<p>Houston insisted on going down to allow someone else to take his place at the bivouac and, because Tilman was the only person fully equipped, he joined Odell in moving the tent up to an upper bivouac at 24,000 ft so that on 29 August 1936 in eight hours they were able to ascend to the summit in cold, fine weather. They had reached the top of the highest mountain ever climbed – 7,816 m. Tilman, who was a very reticent individual but who also had a wry sense of humour, wrote self-mockingly "I believe we so far forgot ourselves as to shake hands on it". Lloyd would have been able to take part in a second bid for the summit but everyone else either had frostbite or had already gone back down the mountain. They descended to be told that Kitar had died and the Sherpas had already built a cairn over his grave.</p><br>
<p>Most of the party set off down the gorge but, as an additional challenge, Tilman, Houston and Pasang Kikuli traversed Longstaff&#39;s 1905 col and descended to Martoli and then south down the Milam valley eventually reaching Ranikhet.</p><br>
<p>Tilman wrote, "I remember, in the small hours when the spark of life burns lowest, the feeling which predominated over all was one of remorse at the fall of a giant. It is the same sort of contrition that one feels at the shooting of an elephant".</p><br>
<h2>Osmaston–Shipton 1936 expedition</h2><br>
<p>Knowing of Shiptons 1934 explorations, Gordon Osmaston, director of the Survey of Indias triangulation of Great Himalaya, planned to improve the survey of the Sanctuary using a phototheodolite. As he set off from Darjeeling he met Shipton returning from the Everest expedition. Shipton immediately agreed to join the Osmastons party, hoping to join up with Tilmans Nanda Devi climbers. Ang Tharkay and Tenzing Norgay also joined as Sherpas. They met Lloyd who was descending the Rishi Ganga gorge ahead of the main party and so heard that the mountain had just been climbed. Writing to a friend Shipton said "What a glorious effort of Bill and Odell to have climbed Nanda Devi. I am overjoyed that it was Bill who did the touchdown – he so thoroughly deserves every inch of his success I confess I wished I had been with them instead of wasting time on that ridiculous Everest business". He also said "By Jove, it will shake the old fools at home", referring to the RGS Mount Everest Committee and the fact that the expedition had been conceived in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Osmaston surveyed the Sanctuary&#39;s northern glacier while Shipton explored the Changabang glacier. While Osmaston turned to the southern glacier, Shipton descended the Rishi Ganga gorge, made a failed attempt on Dunagiri, crossed the Bagini Pass and descended the Bagini glacier to the north. Returning to Joshimath he took up a phototheodolite and went south to survey the Rinti glacier and the saddle between Trisul and Nanda Ghunti.</p><br>
<h2>Subsequent events</h2><br>
<p>It was only in 1950 that a higher summit than Nanda Devi was reached when Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal climbed Annapurna, 8,091 m, the first 8,000-metre peak to be climbed. Ang Tharkay was the expeditions sirdar. Nanda Devis main peak was climbed for the second time in 1964. The Badrinath–Kedarnath watershed was crossed for the second time in 1998 by a group including Shipton&#39;s son John Shipton.</p><br>
<p>Elden&#39;s Store is a historic commercial building on Long Plains Road  in the center of Buxton, Maine. Built in 1802, it is the oldest commercial building in the rural community, and is one of the few historic brick commercial buildings in western York County. The building, which is now owned by the local historical society, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Eldens Store is set at the western corner of Long Plains Road and Haines Meadow Road. It is a 2-1/2 story rectangular brick building, with a wood-frame gable roof, oriented toward Long Plains Road, and a granite foundation. The brick is laid in English bond and is painted red. The buildings doors and windows are set in openings with simple granite sills and lintels. There are a number of doors, and the placement of both the doors and windows is not planned with any great degree of symmetry. The south facade (facing Haines Meadow Road) is the most symmetrical, with three bays on each level and a single center entrance. The interior of the building has seen numerous alterations over its long history.</p><br>
<p>The store was built in 1802, and its ground floor served as a general store into the 1930s. The upper floor has seen a variety of uses, including a successful local coat manufacturing business in the mid-19th century. The Buxton-Hollis Historical Society used the upper floor as a meeting space for many years beginning in 1971, and the basement was adapted as a medical clinic in 1975. The historical society now occupies a newer facility, but maintains ownership of the building. It presently houses a regional emergency communications facility.</p><br>
<p>Lake CECs is a subglacial lake in Antarctica at approximately latitude 80° S. It has an estimated area of 18 km². The territory where the lake is located, some 160 km from Union Glacier, is claimed only by Chile.</p><br>
<p>The lake is located in a buffer zone of three major West Antarctic glaciers. The movement of the ice is almost nonexistent and the area is in a situation of low disturbance. This allows the body of water to be extremely stable, with minimal mass exchanges with its environment.</p><br>
<p>Lake CECs was discovered by the Chilean research center Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs). The first signs of the lake were detected during Antarctic summer in January 2014, when a mobile research station team journeyed through the central plateau of West Antarctica. Measurements showed unusual subglacial radar returns, indicating the presence of a waterbody at some 2.6 kilometers depth under the ice. An initial mapping with an ice-penetrating radar confirmed the finding. The research team returned in summer of 2015 and the mapping was completed. The findings were published in a Geophysical Research Letters report by four members of the CECs Glaciology Laboratory.</p><br>
<p>The Giblin Peak is a mountain of the Ben Lomond mountain range in northeast Tasmania, Australia. It is the highest elevation on Giblin Fells, a prominent bluff south of Ben Lomond&#39;s highest elevation - Legges Tor.</p><br>
<p>With an elevation of 1,569 m above sea level, it is the third highest mountain in Tasmania and named after William Giblin, a previous Premier of Tasmania.</p><br>
<p>Before the northern aspect of the Ben Lomond plateau was surveyed, Stacks Bluff (at the plateau&#39;s southern extremity) was thought to be the highest elevation on the Ben Lomond plateau. From 1905 to 1912 a full survey of Ben Lomond was conducted by Colonel W.V. Legge and his survey party.</p><br>
<p>The survey party explored the highlands on the north of the plateau in 1907. Legge had long suspected that the north of the plateau was higher than the trigonometric station on Stacks Bluff although it is less obviously elevated from casual observation. Moreover, the area was, at the time, an area so remote and unexplored that Legge described it as untrodden as the distant ranges of the west coast.</p><br>
<p>Lyndhurst Giblin, a member of Legges survey party, climbed and measured the true summit and named it after Legge and, in turn, the prominent bluff to the south of the summit was named for Giblins father - Giblin Fells.</p><br>
<p>Canajoharie Historic District is a national historic district located at Canajoharie in Montgomery County, New York. It encompasses 836 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, 11 contributing structures, and 19 contributing objects in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of the village of Canajoharie. It developed between about 1750 and 1959, and includes notable examples of Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Bragdon-Lipe House, the Van Alstyne House, the West Hill School, and the United States Post Office. Other notable contributing resources include the Village Hall , Canajoharie Creamery , Beech-Nut No. 1 Plant, Beech-Nut No. 2 Plant, Reformed church , Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd , St. Mark’s Lutheran Church , Saints Peter and Paul Roman Catholic church , Sayles Building , and the Arkell Foundation complex .</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Terrace Mill is a historic watermill in Terrace, Minnesota, United States, now operated as a museum. Managed by the non-profit Terrace Mill Foundation, the mill contains a gallery, theatre, and gift shop, while the grounds host outdoor events. The mill and four associated structures are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Terrace Mill Historic District for having local significance in commerce, engineering, industry, and transportation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first flour mill on the site was built in 1870 and operated into the mid-1890s, when it was moved to nearby Brooten, Minnesota, to be closer to a new rail line. Jonas M. Danelz bought the property in 1901 and constructed the current mill two years later. In 1920 it was purchased by Peter Takken, who installed a diesel engine in the mill and built a house for himself in 1930. Takken ceased grist milling operations in 1949 and the new owner converted the mill into a woodworking shop specializing in church furniture, operating until 1967. Terrace Mill stood vacant for several years. Preservation efforts began in the mid-1970s, and the Terrace Mill Foundation formed in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Terrace Mill Historic District</h2><br>
<p>The Terrace Mill Historic District consists of the 1903 mill, 1903 Stone Arch Bridge, 1915 Steel Beam Highway Bridge, Mill Dam possibly dating to 1882, and 1930 Millers House. The historic district is significant for exemplifying the small, rural milling operations once common in Minnesota, particularly for retaining all the elements of a water-powered milling complex. Further significance derives from the fact that the complex is on the site of Pope Countys first flour mill, built in 1870, and the existing mill was a major contributor to the local economy up until the 1960s. The mill itself bears significance because its construction and turbine engineering exemplify the era&#39;s small watermills, and it is one of only about two dozen surviving examples in Minnesota outside of Minneapolis–Saint Paul.</p><br>
<p>All five contributing properties of the Terrace Mill Historic District are also contributing properties to the larger Terrace Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Terrace Mill Foundation has moved other historical buildings onto the mill grounds which are not considered contributing properties to the National Register district. These include a log cabin that was one of Terrace&#39;s first houses, reconstructed in the early 1980s, and a 1950s "heritage cottage" with Scandinavian construction and furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The Emery Homestead is a historic house at 1 and 3 Lebanon Street in Sanford, Maine. Its early construction dating to 1830, the building traces an evolution of use and alteration by a single family over five generations of ownership. The house, a local landmark, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Emery Homestead is set on the north side of Lebanon Street (United States Route 202), just west of its junction with Main Street (Maine State Route 109) in the center of Sanford. It is a rambling connected New England farmstead, with its main house joined to a barn via a series of ells. The original homestead, located at the left end of the complex is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and central chimney. The main entrance is flanked by Doric pilasters and topped by an entablature. To its right, offset to the rear, is a two-story ell, also five bays wide and with a side gable roof; its first floor has a hip-roofed porch. A second ell extends to the rear of this one, connecting the house to the large barn.</p><br>
<p>The first member of the Emery family to settle in Sanford was Caleb Emery, who arrived in the area in 1773. His son William, Jr., built the original block of this house in 1830. Both of these men were active in Sanfords civic affairs, serving in a wide variety of public posts and elected offices. The first ell was built in 1862 by Williams son Charles Oscar. The last major addition was made in 1908 by Charles Oscar&#39;s son Edward Henry, who added a sunroom to the left of the main house, and extended it to the rear to provide a modern kitchen and dining area. The Emerys have a continuous history of civic involvement that includes the establishment of a scholarship fund for local high school students, and an endowment for the library at nearby Nasson College.</p><br>
<p>The Gaià is a 59 km long river in Tarragona Province, Catalonia.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Its source is at Santa Coloma de Queralt, situated in the Catalan Central Depression, gathering the waters of the Serra de Brufaganya and Serra de Queralt mountain ranges. It flows through deep gorges across the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range and then close to Santes Creus and, at the end, into the Mediterranean at the Tamarit Castle, Tarragonès, near Altafulla forming a coastal lagoon separated from the sea by a sandbar. The river mouth is a protected area.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Its main tributaries are:</p><br>
<p>Torrent de Claret</p><br>
<p>Riu de baix</p><br>
<p>Torrent del Biure</p><br>
<p>Torrent Sant Magí</p><br>
<p>Torrent de Vallespinosa</p><br>
<p>Torrent de Rupit</p><br>
<p>Torrent Rubio</p><br>
<p>Torrent de Pinatelles</p><br>
<p>Riu de Boix</p><br>
<p>Torrent d&#39;en Serrat</p><br>
<p>Torrent de Biany</p><br>
<p>L&#39;Escurri</p><br>
<p>Caraleigh Mills, also known as the Fred Whitaker Company, is a historic textile mill located at Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. The original section was built in 1892, and is a two-story, Italianate style brick structure with an intact monitor roof and a raised stone foundation. The building had an expansion added about 1900, an addition built about 1910, a wing and warehouse added about 1919, and a modernization in the late 1950s. The mill operated until 1999, and is one of three remaining late-19th century textile mills in Raleigh.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The mill has been converted to residential use as condominiums. The 84 units became available for sale and occupancy in 2003. The name Caraleigh Mills was preserved.</p><br>
<p>The Kumbheshwor temple complex is one of the oldest and busiest religious place of the old Patan town lying on its northern part. The major deities whose temple or shrine lies within the complex includes Kumbheshwor Mahadev, Bangalamukhi, Unmanta Bhairab, Gaurikunda, Harati, Manakamana, Kedarnath, Badrinath. The complex houses a natural spring which fills the adjoining ponds, the source of which is said to be Gosaikund Lake in Rasuwa District. It is therefore believed that taking a dip in the pond during the festival of Janai Purnima  is equivalent to doing the same in Gosainkunda.</p><br>
<h2>How Patan (Lalitpur) got its name from Kumbheshwor</h2><br>
<p>The story goes that a farmer with leprosy from Kathmandu came here because the grass was better for his cow. One day he struck his wooden pole into the ground and discovered a water source. That evening on his way back he saw the king passing by. He stepped off the road as was the custom for someone with leprosy. The king however saw no trace of the disease. Indeed the king found the man so handsome that he gave him a new name “Lalit” (ललित) or handsome. The king knew a miracle had occurred and asked Lalit what happened. Lalit showed the king where he found the water source and the king pronounced that a hiti (हिटी) (meaning house) should be placed there. Thus, the place was called Lalitpur (ललितपुर) (meaning the land of fine arts and fine people). Another story tells of a man who lost his water vessel on a pilgrimage who found it again at the Kumbheshwor. The word Kumbha in Kumbheshwor means “water vessel”. Whether any of the above is anything more that legend is up for debate. The fact that there is a water source from the himalayan mountains (Gosainkunda) at Kumbheshwor may yet be another contributing factor. Perhaps Patan got its name from all of the above combined.</p><br>
<h2>Temples within the Complex</h2><br>
<h3>Kumbheshwor Temple</h3><br>
<p>The main Kumbheshwor Temple is one of the only two free-standing five-storied temples (other being the Nyatapola Temple in Bhaktapur in Kathmandu valley. It was originally constructed as two storied shrine by King Jayasthiti Malla in around 14th century. The additional 3 stories were given by King Srinivas Malla during 17th century.</p><br>
<h3>Bangalamukhi temple</h3><br>
<p>Bagalamukhi is one of the most famous Shakti Peeths of the Kathmandu valley and is visited by a large number of devotees especially on Thursdays. The goddess is known as the one who fulfills the devotees’ wishes. The inner shrine is carved with silver.</p><br>
<p>Besides the other temples and shrines within the complex includes</p><br>
<p>Harati temple</p><br>
<p>Gaurikund Temple - Houses the water spring whose source is believed to be Gosaikund Lake</p><br>
<p>Char-Narayan Temple</p><br>
<p>Kedarnath Temple</p><br>
<p>Badrinath Temple</p><br>
<p>Misha Hiti- One of the ponds within the complex</p><br>
<h2>Major Festivals</h2><br>
<p>Kumbeshwor Mela or Janai Purnima Mela (usually August full moon) is one of the major festival where around 2 Lakhs devotees come to worship the embossed silver sheath worn by the temples sacred linga (phallic symbol), which is placed in a special pavilion in the middle of the tank in the hub temple. Also the Kumbeshwor Pokhari (pond) is filled with water for the Mela.</p><br>
<p>Similarly, various other rituals like “Lakh batti”,”Bhoj”,”Bhajan” “Baratabanda”, “Marriage Ceremony”, “Gufa rakhni ceremony” etc. are periodically organized by local people at the temple complex. The temple complex also have an open space garden to cater rituals for private purpose which became one of the major financial source of temple.</p><br>
<p>The Clay County Courthouse, located at 300 Broadway Street in Louisville, is the county courthouse serving Clay County, Illinois. Built in 1913, the courthouse was Clay County&#39;s fourth courthouse; it has served continuously as the seat of Clay County government since its opening. Architect Joseph W. Royer, who planned several other Illinois courthouses, designed the Classical Revival building. The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Clay County was formed in 1824, and its county commissioners established its first county seat in Hubbardsville the following year. Local landowner Daniel May donated the land for and built the countys first courthouse, a wooden building; the county seat was renamed Maysville in his honor. The Illinois State Legislature ordered a meeting of the county commissioners in 1841 to discuss relocating the county seat, and the commissioners decided to move the seat to Louisville. After some legal difficulties, Louisvilles first permanent courthouse opened in 1846. Clay County received its third courthouse in the 1870s, when a two-story Italianate building replaced the 1846 courthouse. Throughout the late 19th century, the citizens of Flora attempted to relocate the county seat to their city; however, Louisville won two relocation votes in 1861 and the early 1900s and kept the seat. The county planned to remodel its courthouse; however, it ultimately opted to build an entirely new building. This building, the current courthouse, was completed in 1913. Louisvilles newspaper, the Southern Illinois Record, initially showed some editorial skepticism as to the need for a new building; by the time of its completion, though, it had rallied behind the new courthouse, which it described as one of the finest in Southern Illinois. The 1913 courthouse has housed the countys many government functions and kept its public records since its construction. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 18, 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Architect Joseph W. Royer of Urbana, Illinois designed the courthouse. Royer designed many government buildings across the Midwest throughout his career; his other designs in Illinois included courthouses in Champaign, Douglas, Marion, and Piatt counties. Royer used the Classical Revival style, which became popular in America in the 1890s and remained so through the 1940s, for the courthouse. The building is situated on a mound in Louisvilles village square and is the highest and most prominent building in the citys downtown. The two-story structure has a square main block with slightly shorter wings on the east and west sides. The main entrances to the courthouse are located on the north and south sides of the building; the south entrance, which was originally the front entrance, has more ornamentation than its northern counterpart. Both sides have three bays in the central block and one each on the wings; the central bays are demarcated by four Tuscan columns. Both entrances are topped by a transom and segmental arch, with a panel between the two on the south side; windows with bracketed entablatures adjoin each entrance. A balustrade encircles the roof&#39;s edge and is punctuated by a pediment with a cartouche above the south entrance. Interior decorations include Doric columns, fretwork floor tiles, Roman-style grilles, and architrave trim.</p><br>
<p>Damlataş Cave  is a cave in Alanya district of Antalya Province, in southern Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The cave is located west of Alanya Castle on the coast of Mediterranean Sea in the urban fabric of Alanya. Its distance to Alanya city center is 3 km, and to Antalya is 124 km. The cave&#39;s entrance faces the beach.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cave was discovered accidentally during mining operations at a quarry used for the construction of Alanya Harbor in 1948. After preliminary research by two geologists, it was opened to the public.</p><br>
<h2>The cave</h2><br>
<p>A 45 --long and 15 m-high cylindrical cavity leads to the basement of the cave. The cave is full of stalactites and stalagmites that are formed in fifteen thousand years. The cave has an area of 180 - and a total volume about 2,500 m&sup3; in two levels.</p><br>
<p>The air in the cave contains relatively high percentage of carbondioxide, around 10 to 12 times more than in normal air, and has 95% humidity. The air temperature is 22 - regardless of the season.</p><br>
<h2>Asthma cure</h2><br>
<p>The cave is popularly known as an "asthma-cure cave" due to the widespread belief in its capability of curing respiratory complaints, and asthma. In fact, most of the early visitors were people, who suffered from asthma. In 2010, the municipality of Alanya reported that the cave was visited within seven months by 114,000 tourists of which 2,100 suffered from asthma. In 2014, the number of visitors suffering from asthma reached 4,000.</p><br>
<p>Visitors, who come for asthma cure, stay 21 days long four hours a day in the cave. Between 6:00 and 10:00 hours local time in the early morning, the cave is open only for asthma-sick visitors. While the entrance fee for tourists cost 4.50, the visitors for cure pay only 0.30.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian Church in America congregation in Uniontown, Alabama. The church was founded in 1848 as Hopewell Presbyterian Church. In 1853 the church merged with Coffee Spring Cumberland Presbyterian Church, which was also organized in 1848 and was meeting in a building three miles south of Uniontown. In 1854, the congregation moved into their first church building on Green Street. Services were held here for half a century until their current church was built on Water Avenue. The present building was dedicated in 1914. The window in the center of the north wall of the sanctuary is from the previous church. The pulpit chairs in the church are also from the church on Green Street.</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), added on February 24, 2000 as a contributing property to the Uniontown Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Source: History Of The First Presbyterian Church, 1848-1998, Sesquicentennial, Uniontown, Alabama, One Hundred Fiftieth Anniversary, Sunday, December 6, 1998, by Rev. Virgil Pino, Minister.</p><br>
<p>Fuquay Springs High School, also known as Fuquay-Varina Middle School, is a historic high school located at Fuquay-Varina, Wake County, North Carolina. It was built about 1925, and is a two-story, rectangular, flat-roofed, red brick, Colonial Revival style building. It has a one-story rear auditorium wing. The school was connected by an open breezeway to a cafeteria building built about 1948. In the early 2000&#39;s the campus underwent a renovation and addition by the Wake County Public School System which consisted in converting the existing 1925 building into an administration hall along with a few classrooms. The 1948 construction was demolished along with a few other buildings. The renovation took place to address the issue of students having to go outside to switch classes, so the buildings on the north end of the campus with the exception of the gym was demolished. The new construction ties the rest of the buildings from the north end of the campus to the south end opening in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The 1925 building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Washington Magnet Elementary School, is a historic school and building located at Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. It was built in 1923–1924, to serve African-American students in Raleigh and now is a Magnet elementary school.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From 1924 until 1953, Washington served as the only secondary education institution for black students in Raleigh. This changed with the establishment of John W. Ligon Junior-Senior High School, which assumed that role.</p><br>
<p>In 1982 Washington became an elementary school involved with the Magnet program and Gifted & Talented curriculum.</p><br>
<p>Washington was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 as the Washington Graded and High School.</p><br>
<h3>Building</h3><br>
<p>Washington Graded and High School was originally constructed in 1923-1924 as part of the city of Raleigh&#39;s plans to expand the education system in order to accommodate increasing numbers of school-aged children. The project was funded by a portion of the money from a million dollar bond issued by the school board on April 4, 1922. At the time of its completion in 1924, The original building is a two-story, brick building with Tudor Revival style design elements. A three-story rear addition was built in 1927, a track in 1942, a gymnasium in 1949, and other additions were made in 1996 and 2000. The building was renovated from 2002-2003.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Maycie Herrington, history conservator</p><br>
<h2>Notable faculty</h2><br>
<p>John W. Ligon, interim principal which John W. Ligon Middle School was named after</p><br>
<p>W. E. B. DuBois School, also known as Wake Forest Graded School , Wake Forest Colored High School, and Wake Forest-Rolesville Middle School, is a historic Rosenwald School building and school complex located at Wake Forest, Wake County, North Carolina. The elementary school was built in 1926, consists of a one-story, seven bay, brick veneer, main block with a rear ell and Colonial Revival style design elements. It has a side gable roof and front portico. The High School Building was built in 1939 with funds provided by the Public Works Administration. It is a one-story, rectangular brick block with a hipped roof and slightly projecting gabled portico. The Agriculture Building/Shop was brought to this site in 1942. It is a one-story, "L"-shaped brick building, with the addition built about 1952-1953.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Lea Laboratory is a historic laboratory building located on the original campus of Wake Forest University at Wake Forest, Wake County, North Carolina. It was designed by noted Baltimore architect John Appleton Wilson  and built in 1887–1888. It consists of a two-story pedimented central brick block, three bays wide and seven deep flanked by one-story pedimented brick wings. The building has a blend of Colonial Revival and Victorian design elements. It is the oldest remaining building on the original campus of Wake Forest University, now Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, and was one of the first chemical laboratories constructed on a Southern college campus.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is located in the Wake Forest Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The William Black Family House is a historic house at 311 West Ash Street in Brinkley, Arkansas. Built in 1895, this two-story wood frame house is one of the finest examples of Queen Anne architecture in eastern Arkansas. It has asymmetrical massing, and numerous projections, towers, and porches characteristic of the style. Its siding includes different shaped shingles and clapboarding, and decorative vergeboard in some of its gables. The front porch has turned posts and balustrade, and a delicate spindlework arch in one of its bays. It was built for the widow of William Black, a prominent local businessman, politician, and veteran of the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Frankish Building is a historic building located at 200 South Euclid Avenue in Ontario, California. Charles Frankish and his son designed and supervised the construction of the building in 1915-16. Frankish was an early investor in Ontario and was responsible for much of the citys planning and promotion, which included constructing a railroad in and planning the layout of the southern half of the city. The building housed storefronts on its first floor and an apartment complex on its second and third floors. Frankish gave the building a Second Renaissance Revival design, a popular American style in the early twentieth century. The buildings design includes a flat facade and roof, rusticated quoins on the first floor, and a bracketed wooden cornice.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 11, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Fontana Farms Company Ranch House, Camp No. 1 is a historic ranch house located at 8863 Pepper Street in Fontana, California. Built in 1905-06, it was the first building constructed in Fontana, then a rural community known as Rosena. The Semi-Tropic Land and Water Company platted Rosena in 1887, but no construction occurred in the area until after the Fontana Development Company bought the land in 1903. The company made plans to build a farm on the property, and construction began in 1905; the Camp No. 1 house served as the farm&#39;s main headquarters and housed its managers. The farm mainly grew grain crops, though it also had significant fruit and livestock operations. Fontana became an industrial city during World War II, and the ranch house is one of the few remnants of its agricultural past.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 1, 1982.</p><br>
<p>St. John Catholic Church is a historic church building on St. John Street  in St. John Plantation, Maine. Built between 1909 and 1911, it is a finely-detailed and handsome example of religious Colonial Revival architecture in a remote rural setting. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St. John Catholic Church is set on the north side of St. John Street, the only major roadway through the rural community of St. John Plantation in far northern Maine. It is located about 0.5 mi west of the municipal offices, between the road and the Saint John River. It is a rectangular wood frame structure, one story in height, with a gable roof and a tower that projects slightly from the front (south-facing) facade. The front is three bays wide, with the outer bays housing narrow multi-panel windows with round-arch tops. The main entrance is in the base of the tower, sheltered by a rounded portico and set under a large round transom. Above this, in the extended first stage of the tower, is a large fifteen-light window topped by a round-arch transom. The first stage ends at a cornice above the main roof&#39;s ridge, with a belfry above. The sides of the belfry each have paired round-arch louvered openings. The belfry is topped by another cornice and an octagonal leaded cap, with a golden cross as a spire. The interior of the church is elaborately decorated with woodwork, plaster, and pressed tin.</p><br>
<p>This church was built in 1909-11 by local craftsmen to serve the local French Catholic population. The church interior appears to be stylistically similar to that of the 1872 St. David Catholic Church (replaced in 1911) in nearby Madawaska, one of the oldest parishes in the region.</p><br>
<p>The Skystone is an andesite glacial erratic boulder in Bonney Lake, Washington. The boulder was deposited approximately 13,000 years ago. The stone&#39;s height and width are 4.5 ×.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>The stone may have astronomical significance to the Puyallup tribe of Native Americans. It has over 20 pits pounded into its surface that appear to be man-made. Some of the holes align with the sun&#39;s position on the solstices, which may have allowed Native Americans to predict the changing of seasons. Pits in the surface of the boulder also appear to point towards Mt. Rainier, the peak of Mt. St. Helens (before it erupted), and potentially Mt. Adams, all of which have significance for local Native tribes.</p><br>
<p>The stone is about one mile south of the former Naches Trail, and was apparently rediscovered when a suburban housing development was begun in 1999. It is listed and preserved as an archaeological site by the Washington State Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<p>The Finnish Folk Art Museum is located on the grounds of the Pasadena Museum of History in Pasadena, California. The only museum of its type in the United States, it was created in 1974 by Yrjo Alfred Paloheimo, a native of Finland, who was the husband of Leonora “Babsie” Curtin.</p><br>
<p>Paloheimo served as Finland’s consular officer in Southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico. For 17 years, Finland’s consulate offices were located in the mansion. Paloheimo founded the Finlandia Foundation and established Jawanpaa, Finland, as Pasadena’s sister city in that country. He and his wife also adopted four Finnish children who were reared on the Fenyes Estate.</p><br>
<p>The Swiss chalet-like structure, constructed of redwood with a stone roof, was built in 1910 as a garage for Arthur Fleming’s Wigmore Estate. Fleming’s architect, Frederick Roehrig, also designed portions of the Green Hotel in Pasadena. In 1949 Paloheimo learned that the unusual structure was for sale, and moved it onto the grounds of the Fenyes Estate to serve as a folk art museum, guest house, and sauna. Paloheimo filled the building with farmhouse furnishings he collected from several provinces in Finland, and did much of the stone work and gardening himself.</p><br>
<p>Inside the museum, a large living room called a “Tupa” is furnished with early 19th Century Finnish peasant furniture and objects. Visitors may see an open hearth or “Takka” used for heating and cooking, poles and overhead racks called “Leipavartaat” for storing rye sourdough bread, and “Tuoli” or chairs hand-carved by farmers as bridal gifts to their daughters, as well as many other Finnish hand-made items.</p><br>
<p>The Finnish Folk Art Museum and Finlandia Gardens were officially dedicated in 1974. Currently maintained by the Pasadena Museum of History, tours of the folk art museum are often included in Feynes Estate tours</p><br>
<p>The Nirmaljhar is a perennial stream in the Ganjam District in the Indian state of Odisha. It is located beside the temple of Lord Vishnu. The Nirmaljhar flows from the Badaghati Mountains in Eastern Ghats. Khallikote princess Smt. Sugyani Devi has currently formed a committee to promote Nirmaljhar as a tourist site.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Nirmaljhar is located at 19.60&deg;N latitude, 85.066&deg;E longitude. It has an average altitude of 13 m. No government accommodations are available on the site, however a Panthanivas is near Rambha about 10 km away.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>According to folklore, the name “Nirmaljhar” is derived from two Hindi/ Sanskrit words: “nirmal” means pure and “jhar" represents stream.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Nirmaljhar has both road and rail links. On the Northern side, it is 60 km from Berhampur and on the Southern side it is about 120 km from the state Capital Bhubaneswar. Khallikote station is the nearest railway station and is 9 km away from Niramaljhar.</p><br>
<p>Krøttøya is the northernmost inhabited island in the Andfjorden, consisting of 365 small islands, with over 20 white-sand beaches. Krøttøya is located in the municipality of Harstad in Troms county, Norway. Krøttøy is surrounded by the islands of Senja to the east, Bjarkøya and Grytøya to the south and Andøya to the west.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Whales</p><br>
<p>During the winter season (October–March) large schools of herring arrive in Andfjorden, followed by orcas, humpback whales and fin whales. Sperm whales and pilot whales are encountered all year round.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions and activities</h2><br>
<p>The main attractions are Viking graves and the national museum Meløyvær fortress. The island was of great strategic importance during the Cold War thus holding back a possible naval attack of the Soviet Navy on the supply lines and defence positions of the Norwegian Army, in Northern Norway. Fully manned it had stationed up to 450 soldiers of the Norwegian Army. It is only since 2002 that the army left and that visitors from outside are allowed without a security clearance. Some of the bunkers and military buildings are now privately owned. Valhall, an ex-military summer residence has been renovated in 2007 and now serves as a hotel. The main activities are whale watching, sea eagle safaris, fishing, sea kayaking and diving.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>Krøttøy (Meløyvaer) is inhabited and is connected daily with the islands of Bjarkøy and Senja and the city of Harstad by a catamaran operated by Boreal Transport. There is also a bridge connecting Krøttøya with Meløyvær.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Tenjo Fortifications are a historic defensive gun battery site on Mount Tenjo, a hill overlooking Apra Harbor, the principal deep-water port on the island of Guam. The site includes concrete mounting pads for seven guns and the crumbling remains of a concrete command post structure. These facilities are located just below the crest of the hill on its west side. A defensive trench also extends along the top of the plateau-like hill. Unlike most early 20th-century fortifications on Guam, these facilities were built in the late 1910s by the United States Navy, and not by Japanese forces during the World War II occupation period. These are the only known surviving pre-World War II defensive fortification sites on the island. They were functionally abandoned as a result of the 1922 Washington Naval Conference. Mount Tenjo was the site of battle during the 1944 liberation of Guam.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Meløyvær fortress is a coastal fortress in Norway on Krøttøya in Troms. The construction was of strategic importance to NATO and northern Norway&#39;s role during the Cold War. Meløyvær fortress was the last of the fortresses with the 120 mm Bofors guns to be built in Norway. It is a complete construction, authentic and in good condition.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Meløyvær fortress was constructed at the end of the 1980s. It was to replace three other coastal fortresses between Andøya and Senja. Its main purpose was to halt any attacker at the entrance of the Andfjorden. Corresponding coastal artillery was also placed at Nes fortress in Lødingen and at Kråkvåg in the Trondheimsfjord. Meløyvær fortress was closed down in 2002. The guns were built in a 20 m deep construction which would be self-contained with water and electricity in the event of war. As the construction is so new, all equipment, offices, bedrooms, control room and kitchen etc., is still ready to use. The temperature and climate is monitored to avoid damage to the equipment.</p><br>
<h2>Guns</h2><br>
<p>Meløyvær fortress is the first Norwegian fortresses from the Cold War to be protected in Norway. Originally there were three 120mm Bofors guns, gun A, B and C. Gun A is on Krøttøya and is completely intact. In addition to the gun, control centre D is also fully preserved. Each gun could fire 25 shots per minute to a distance of 27 km. Both the gun and the control room has been preserved. There are cups in the kitchen and bedlinen on the bunks. Guns B and C have only the external parts of the gun preserved in position.</p><br>
<p>The fortress became a protected monument in 2014 and guided tours are offered by Sør-Troms Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Capps House is a historic house in rural Monroe County, Arkansas. It is located in the southern part of the county, just east of Arkansas Highway 17 on the north side of County Road 48 .</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story brick I-house, oriented east-west. A porch across its front facade was reported in 1990 to be collapsed, while the northern porch retained original chamfered posts, despite having been screened. The property includes as outbuildings a small pumphouse and a barn, and includes the family cemetery of William T. Capps, who built this house around 1875. It is one of the best-preserved 19th-century I-houses in this part of the county.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 1990.</p><br>
